Oil-burner.



W. IVIELAS.

on BURNER APPLICATION FILED MAR. 51 1914.

Patented June 29 www@ HEET I.

w. Mms;

olL BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.5.1914.

lcyl Patented June 29,

4 SHEETS-SHEET ma KQ New INVENWR ATTURMEYS vv. MELAS.

OIL BLURNER.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 5| 1914.

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4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

Patentd June 29, 1915.

Y @wmf 'ocurran N sfrafras ramena carica.

WILLIAM MELAS, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, SSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF T0yDAVID TOWNSEND, 0F PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA. l

OIL-BURNER.

amavis.

T0 all whom. t may concern Be it known that I, WILLIAM Mimes, a citizenof the United States, residingin the city and county of Philadelphia,State'of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and uscful Oil-Burner, ofwhich the following is a specification.

My invention consists of a burner for `liquid fuel, in which the fuel ispresented to It further consists of such a burner in which the area ofthe fuel-emission 1s comparatively small but of comparatively largelongitudinal extent.

ItI further, consists of such a burner in which the area of fuelemission is less than the area of contact with the diluent.

It furtlie1.-consists of such a burner in which the area of fuelemission is Variable in accordance with the pressure of such fuel.

It further consists of such a burner .in

' which the fuel is distributed over a comparatively large surface forcontact with the diluent.

It further consists of such a burner in which the area of fuel emissionis automatically controlled between zero and predetermined'maximum areaby increase and decrease of the lfuel pressure.

It furtherf consists of such'a burner which. a fuel feeding body isformed with fuel outlet .throughout its length and sur-i rounded byaehamber having an inlet for .y the diluent at one end.

{"It further consists of such a burner in -cal slot.

It further consists;l ofi ,suc,h a burner Specification of LettersPatent. Patented Jun@ 29, .1915, Applicatidn filed March 5, 1914. SerialNo. 822,553.

formed with a tightly coiled helix having a fuel inlet at one end. y

It further consists of such a burner having a. fuel-feeding body formedfrom a tightly coiled helical wire having one end closed and having aninlet in the opposite end.

It further consists of such a burner having a fuel-feeding body formedwith a tightly-coiled wire helix closed at one and and having fuel inletat the opposite end., and a casing surrounding such body to form achamber open at one end and having an inlet for the diluent vat theopposite end.

It further consists of other novel features of construction, all as willbe hereinafter set forth. y

The annexed drawing and the following description set forth in detailone mechanical form embodyingthe invention, such detail constructionbeing but one of various mechanical forms in which the principle of theinvention may be used.

In said annexed drawings-Figure 1 represents an axial section of myvimproved burner.` Fig. 2 represents a side view of the oil feeder. Fig.3 represents a transverse section of the burner on the line --w, Fig. 1.Fig. 4 represents a transverse sectionon the lline y-fy, inv Fig. 1.Fig. 5 represents an axial section of another form of burner embodyingmy invention. Fig. 6 represents a side view of the oil-feeder. Fig. .7reprosents a transverse section of the burner on the line z-z in Fig. 5.Fig. 8 represents an axial section of still another form of burnerembodying my invention. Fig. 9 represents a side view of the oil-feeder.Fig. 10 represents an axial section of a further form of burnerembodying my invention. Fig. 11 represents a side view of theoil-feeder. Fig. 12 represents atransverse section on the line lw-fw inFig. 10.

Similar numerals of reference indicate corresponding parts in thefigures.

Referring to the drawings, the reference numerall indicates a casing,preferably of cast metal and formed `with a tubular andlaterally-projecting socket, 2, to which a pipe or similar conduitconveying liquid fuel can be secured, I'and a laterally-projectingtubular nipple, 3, to which a pipe or similar conduit conveying air,steam, or other.

diluent under pressure can be secured. The casing is formed with anaxialchamber or bore, 4, the outer end, 5, of which is preferablyflared, that end of the casing forming the nozzle of the burner. Anenlargement orchamber, 6, continues said bore and has the diluent-inlet,7 opening into it, and said enlargement is continued into anenlargement' or cylindrical fuel-chamber, 8, of greater diameter, intowhich -a fuel-inlet,- 9, opens, and forming a beveled shoulder or seat,10, at the juncture of said chambers. A bore, 11, of still greaterdiameter is formed to 1the rear-of the fuel-chamber and has aninteinallyscrew-threaded rear-portion, 12,

into which the threaded-portion, 13, of a screw-plug, 14, having a pin,15, upon its inner end is screwed.

A fuel-feeder `is axially supported within the axial bore -4 and thediluent-chamber 6, and consists of a helix, 16,'of tightly coiled wire,17, having a plug, 18, preferably outthe inner head of thefuel-feeder,

wardly pointed, in the outer end of the fuelductvformed therein, andclosing the same, and a head, 19, having areduced portion, 20, fitted inthe inner end of the helix to close` the same, a body, 21, tted in theinner end of the`diluentchamber, and an annular beveled flange, 22,seated upon. the beveled annularseat at the juncture of the twochambers. Said head has an axial bore, 23, which communicateswith thefuel-chamber and the interior of the helix to form a fuel-channel intothe latter.I A coiled spring, 24, upon thepin of thescrew-plug andwithin the fuel-chamber, bears against said plug and holding the flangeof the latter tightly against its seat. An annular, narrow and elongatedatomizing and mixing chamber, 25, is formed be'- tween thefuel-feederand the axial bore of `the burner-casing which parts form the walls ofsuch chamber, communicating at its inner end with the diluent supply andhaving its outer end constituting'the burner-nozzle. In the formillustrated in Figs. 5,6, and 7 of the drawings, the casing, 1, has thediluent-nipple 3A and the diluent inlet 7 vinto the diluent-chamber 6,and the axial bore 4, having in this forma considerably flared outerend, 26, forming the spray-nozzle from the restricted atomizing andmixing chamber 25'. The casing has the fuel inlet-ni ple 2 and thefuel-inlet 9 opening into the elchamber 8, the rear end of which hasthe: screw-threaded .portion 12, into which the threaded portion 13 ofthe screw-plug 14E fits. All of these elements are substantially thesame'as the corres ondingelements in the form illustrated in i s. 1, 2,3, and 4.

The fuel-feeder in'thisA orm has the helix 16 formed from the tightlywound coil of .wire 17 tcv form the narrow and clon ated atomizing and'mixin :chamb'erj25,l eilig` axially supported'withm ofthe casvof aoutwardly flaring to ing nozzle-opening 26 of. the bore. The inner head,28, o the fuel-feeder has its outer end, 29, reduced and fitted in theinner end of the fuel-duct of the helix, and fits in a bore, 30, in thecasing between the diluentchamber and the fuel-chamber, and` the innerend, 31, of said head is screw-threaded. A nut, 32, within thefuel-chamber and bearing against'a shoulder, 33, in the outer end ofsaid chamber is screwed upon said threaded ortion of the head, and hastransverse nic (s 34, inits inner face for the application ley forturning it, and the rear end of the head is also formed with diametricalnicks, 35, for the application of a screw driver or similar tool forrotating said head.

-fuel inlet 9 of the nipple 2 opens, the end'40,

of which chamber is internally screwthreaded. The fuel feeder in thisform of b urner is -conical and the helixv16*1 is inthe shape 'of an'outwardly-daring cone, having a cup-shaped head, 41, closing its wideouter end, and shape to have its conical flare corresponding to that ofthe bore, -so

that the'atomizing and mixing chamber 25v will be outwardly Haring andconical and of .the same depth .throughout its' length. A

42, outwardly-Haring and conical to correspond to the flare of the helixand the core,

atomizing and mixing chamber, is located within the helix to form anoutwardly fiaring and conicalfuel-duct, 43, within said helix, and theinner end, 44, of said core forms a head, fittingin the inner andsmaller end of the helix. A'screw-threaded shank, 45, extends inwardfrom said head and has an axial bore, 46, open at'- its inner end andvend throughoutwardly n.

opening at its outer diverging channels, 47, at the inner endof the coreinto the conical fuel-duct between the latter and the helix. vAlock-nut, 48, upon the shank bears against the inner wall of the diluentchamber. A nut, 49, fits upon the threaded shank the inwardly-facinglwall of the chamber 38, and has .transverseI nicks, .50, in its facefor the application of a key orsimilar tool for turning" it. The corehas nicks, 51,- for the application of a screwdriver or similartool-"for turning it. A screizv-plug,l

`52, is screwed into the threaded portion of the fuelicliamberandfliasan and bears against 'end of ltlie shank of the axial recess,53, to accommodate the end of the shank.

In the form illustrated in Figs. 10, 11, and l2, the casing l has theaxial bore 4: 5 formed with the slightly flared outer end 5 of aproportionately larger diameter than the bore in the form illustrated nFigs. l, 2, 3, Aand 4. The casing has the nipples 2 and 3 for fuel anddiluent, openingv through the fuel-inlet 9 and' diluent-inlet 7,respectively, into the fuel-chamber 8 and diluentchamber 6. The helix1Gb is located in the bore 4 and forms the atomizing and mixing chamberQb, like that in the form illustrated in Figs. 1 to 4, vbut an annularhead, 54, is fitted in the outer end of said helix and has anoutwardly-dared central bore,

the inner end ofwhich is rabbeted, at 56,v

to receive the forward end o-f an inner helix, 57,' similar to but ofsmaller diameter than the helix, 16", an annular fuel-duct, 58, be` ingformed between said helices. The head 19b has'the reduced portion 20fitting into the inner end of the outer helix 1Gb, and has the body 21,and the beveled flange 22, bearing against the beveled annular shoulder10, and the coiled spring 24 in the fuel-chamber bears Aagainst the heada'nd the threaded portion 13 of the screw-plug 14 in the linv ternallythreaded end '12 of the fuel chamber, all similar to the correspondingparts of the above-referred to form. The head has longitudinalbores orchannels, 59, for y conveying fuel from the fuel-chamber to the innerend of the annular fuel-duct between the helices. The head has an axialbore, 60, and radiating passages or ports,

61, extend from said bore in the reduced i5-formed with a nick, 66, orother provision for a screwdriver or other tool'for turning y it andprojecting linto a recess, 67in the end of the screw-plug.r` Said rodhas a reduced portion, 68, extending from the radial airports 61,axially through the inner helix,

and has a pointed outer end, 69, in the flaring bore of ,the annularouter head, and a longitudinal annular atomizing and mixing chamber, 70,is formed between the rod and the inner helix.

In practice, the fuel-inlet is connected to a source of liquid fuel,preferably under a head produced by gravity or by pressure upon theliquid, and the diluent-inlet is con- I6e nected to a source of adiluent, such air under pressure, steam, or other iuid in substantiallygaseous form. The nozzle ofthe burner is supportedin a tWyer of afurnace Y 'or otherwise supported Where its" flame 1s to be directed.The fuel passes into -thefuell duct in the interior of the fuel-,feederand seeps through the helical slot formed by the helical wire andforminga continuous restricted fuel inlet of helical form into the atomizingand mixing chamber, where the current of the diluent will strike theattenuated and divided body of fuel, atomizing the same and mixing withit, and conveying the mixture out through the nozzle, where it isignited and consumed. The helical slot will be expanded and contractedfrom and to zero width in proportion to the pressure upon the fuel andthe impact of the ldiluent in the atomizing and mixing chamber, so thatthe supply of fuel into said g()v chamber will be. automaticallyregulated by the demand made upon the mixture. As the diluent andmixture pass along the atomizing and mixing chamber and over theattenuated and divided body of fuel g5 fed into the same, the mixturebecomes continuously 'richerby absorbing the atomize'd fuel, and thediluent is continuously charged with fuel throughout its passage throughthe burner. While the helicalslot between the coils of the helix iscomparatively narrow, being closed when at iest and'widening duringdemand, the surface overwhich the attenuated body of fuel is spread andexposed to thev current of the diluent is large compared with the sizeof the burner, as such slot, if drawn into a straight line, will be ofconsiderable length compared' with its longitudinal extent when in itshelical form. The area of contact in this formv of feeder between thediluent and the fuel will thus, proportionate tor the size andcapacityof the burner, be much greater than in the usual type of injectorburner, and the mixture of diluent and comminuted fuel will be moreintimate and complete in the present form of burner than in a burner ofthe injector type. In the present instance the helical slot willautomatically enlarge and contract in width due to the pressure of theliquid fuel, from zero to whatever the capacity of longitudinalexpansion of. the helix is, so that when the supply pressure has beenfixed or set, the volume of fuel discharged from the feeder willbeconstant. This is an important feature, since' the density of liquidfuel will sometimes vary as Well as impurities will sometimes pass intothe feeder With the fuel, and should a portion of the helicalv slotbecome clogged,

the fluid pressure in the feeder itself Will increase, due to thesmaller discharge area, and thus this i increased pressure in the feederWill expandy the helixv and thus increase the discharge areasufficiently to providefor the same volume of fuel to bev discharged.Should this expansion 'be suffi-- cient to increase the Width of thehelical slot to permit the' passage of the impurities, then the pressurein the feeder will immediately decrease after the impurities have passedthrough and the helix will automatically lcontract and reduce thedischarge area to the proper size to discharge the volume for which theburner was originally set.

By presenting a highly attenuated body of fuel over a comparativelylarge area to `the action of a current or blast of diluent,

a comparatively large contact of the diluent with the fuel is attained,with consequent fine comminution of the fuel-in the mixture.

vIn the form illustrated in Figs. 1 to Li,v

. the jet of mixture leaves the nozzle substantially straight and formsa comparatively concentrated flame. The jet of mixture and,consequently, the flame in the form illustrated in Figs. 5, 6 and 7, isspread by the of the helical slot in the feeder and flooding oftheburner.

f In the burner illustrated in Figs. 10,11

` and 12, two helices are employed, the outer lhelix feeding the fuelinward intoanother.

helix feeding'the fuel outward into an atomizing and mixing chamber, andthe inner atomizing and mixing chamber, both helicesformingan annularfuel-duct discharging outward and inward, whereby the capacity of theburner is nearly'doubled lwith a proportionally slight increase in size.

Inall the forms of burner, excepting that illustrated in Figs. 5, (i, 8and 9, the fuelfeeder anditsaccessories .can be removed by unscrewingthe screw-cap and withdrawingl'the interior members. In the formillustrated-in Figs. 5,'6, 8 and 9, the fastenings for the fuel-,feederare detached and removed by removing the screw-cap, and the fuel-feederis removed at the flaring end of I the casing'.

Other modes of applying the principley of j my invention may be employedfor the mode herein explained. Change may `therefore be'imade as regardsthe mechanism thus disclosed,f"'provided the principles of constructionset forth, respectively, in the following claims are employed.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire tolsecure by Let ters Patent, is :-k y l 1. A liquid fuel burner, lcomprising a transversely restricted longitudinal passage having aninlet fora 'diluent and forming ous inlet from such duct into expansiblefuel-duct having when expanded a helical fuel inlet opening into suchpasv I save.

A liquid fuel burner, comprising a transversely restricted longitudinalpassage having an inlet for L diluent and forming an atomizing andmixing chamber, and an expansible fuel-duct having when expanded arestricted helical fuel inlet opening into such passage.

3. A liquid fuel burner, comprising a transversely restrictedlongitudinal passage having an inlet for a diluent and forming anatomizing and mixing chamber, and an expansible fuel-duct forming `onewall of said lpassage and having when expanded a helical fuel inlet intothe same. v

4. A liquid fuel burner, comprising a casing formed with a longitudinalchamber, and an expansible fuel-feeder longitudinally supported withinsuch chamber to produce an atomizing and mixing chamber between it andthe casing,said latter chamber having an inlet for a diluent and saidfuelfeeder formed with an internal fuel-duct and when expanded with ahelical continuthe atomizing and mixingchamber. l

5. A li uid fuel burner,x comprising atransverseiy restrictedlongitudinal passage having an inlet for a diluent and forming anatomizing and mixing chamber, and an expansible fuel-duct having whenexpanded an extended-helical, automatically expansible and contractiblefuel inlet opening into such passage.

6. A yliquid fuel burner, comprising a transversely restrictedlongitudinal passage lhaving an inlet for a diluent and forming.

an atomizing and mixing chamber,-and an expansible fuel-duct having whenexpanded a restricted extended helical, automatically expansible andcontractible fuel inlet opening into such passage.

A liquid fuel burner, i comprising a transversely restrictedlongitudinal passage having an inlet for a diluent and forming anatomizing and mixing chamber, and an exl .pansible fuel-duct forming onewall ofsaid passage and having when expanded an extended helical,automatically expansible and contractible fuel inlet into the same.

8. A liquid fuel burner, comprising a transversely restrictedlongitudinal passage having an inlet for a diluent and forming anatomizing and mixing chamber, land an expansible fuel-duct forming onewall of said passage and having when expanded a continuous helical,automatically expansible and contractible fuel inlet into the same.

9. A liquid-fuel burner, comprising a casing formed with a longitudinalchamber, and an expansible fuel-'feeder longitudinally supported withinsuch chamber to produce an atomizing and mixing chamber between it andthe casing, said latter chamber having an 4inlet for a diluent and saidfuel-feeder `formed with an internal fuel-duct and when expanded With acontinuous helical, automatically expansible and contractible inlet fromsuch duct into the atomizing and mixing chamber.

10. A liquid fuel burner, comprising a casing formed with an axial borehaving a nozzle-outlet at one end and a diluent inlet at the otherend,and a fuel feeder axially supported in said bore to form an annularatomizing andy mixing chamber and composed of a helix of Wire forming afuel duct and vhaving 'one end closed and a fuel-inlet `in the otherendand said helix when expanded providing a continuous helical opening.

11. In a liquid fuel burner, an atomizing and mixing passage therein andhaving means for introducing a diluent therein, and

yexpansible means for discharging a supply a continuous helical body ofa fuel into conv tact with the diluent.

14. In a liquid fuel burner, anl atomizing and mixing passage thereinand having means for introducing a diluent therein, and means forcontinuously and progressively admitting liquid fuel into said passagein an unbroken continuity to commingle with A the diluent therein.

15. In a liquid fuel burner, an atomizing and mixing passage therein andhaving means for introducing a diluent therein, and

0 means actuatedv by the pressure ofthe liquid fuel to form an extendedopening for admitting the latter into said passage. A

, 16. Ina liquid fuel burner, an atomizing and mixing passage thereinand havin means for introducing a diluent therein, an

means for admitting a ,body of liquid fuel in helicalform throughoutsubstantially the length of said assage to-commingle with the diluentpassing therethrough. i

17. In a liquid fuel burner, an 'atomizing and mixing, passage thereinand havin means for introducin a diluent therein, an

an .expansible liqui fuel feeder having `when expanded a continuously.extending spiral discharge opening into said passage.

18. A liquid fuel burner, comprising a casing having a boretherethrough, a helical spring having normally closed coi-ls andextending in said bore to form a chamber between it and the Wall of saidbore, means for supplying a` diluent under pressure into said chamber,and means for supplying liquid fuel into said spring, the pressure ofsaid fuel serving to expand said spring to admit fuel into saidchamber..

1 9. A liquid fuel burner, comprising a casing having a boretherethrough, an axially expansible fuel-feeder providing a helical shitWhen expanded, said slot serving as a discharge-opening and said fuelfeeder extending in said bore to form a chamber be-A tween it and theWall of said bore, means for supplying a diluent undei'1 pressure intosaid chamber, and means for supplying liquid fuelinto said fuel-feeder,`the pressure of said fuel serving to expand said fuel-feeder to admitfuel into said chamber.

20. In a liquid fuel burner, a casing having a boire therethrough and aninlet for la diluent, and a fuel feeder in such bore and having ahelical discharge port normally closed and adapted to be opened by thepressure of the fuel in the feeder for varying the area ofv said portand the quantity of fuel fed through the saine.

21. In a liquid fuel burner, a casing having a bore therethrough, and anexpansible tubular duct supported Within said bore and forming with theWall thereof. an annular chamber and said duct being adapted to beexpanded by pressure of the fuel toforni a helical fuel outlet foradmitting the fuel into said annular chamber.

22. In a liquid fuel burner, a casing hav-V ing anuinlet and an outletnozzle, and an expansible liquid-fuel feeder located Within said casingto form a chamber surrounding it and having an inlet into its interiorand When expanded having a circumferential and radiallydirected andlongitudinally extending, contractible and expansible helical fuel inletinto said surrounding chamber.

23. Ina liquid fuel burner, a casing having an outwardly flaringbore andan inlet for a diluentat the inner end of said bore, and an outwardlyflaring expansible fuelfeeder supported Within said borev to form anoutwardly Haring annular atomizing and mixing chamber and formed whenexpanded with a longitudinal fuel duct having a helical fuel inlet in tosaid chamber and a fuelinlet at one end.

24. In a liquid-fuel burner, acasing hav-. ing an outwardly Haring boreand an inletfora diluent at the inner end of said bore, an outwardlyaring expansible fuel feeder supported Within said bore to form anoutwardly Haring annular atomizing and mixing chamberand having whenexpanded a helical and longitudinally extending fuel inlet into saidchamber, and an 'outwardly d Haring core supported within said feeder toform a flaring annular fuel-duct between it 'and the feeder and havinga. fuel-inlet at its inner end.

25. In a liquid fuel burner, a. casing hav-;

ing an outwardly Haring bore and an inlet for a diluent at the innerendof' said bore, an outwardly iaring expansible fuel feeder supportedWithin sa1d bore to form an outwardly flaring annular atomizing andmixing chamber and havin when expanded a helical andlongitudinaly-extending expan` sible andI contractible fuely inlet into saidchamber, and -an outwardly Haring core supported within said feeder toform a flaring annular fuel-duct between it and the feeder and having afuel-inletat itsq'inner end.

26. In a liquid fuel burner, an atomizing and mixing chamber, means insaid chamber for forming a continuous helical body of liquid of smallwidth and of considerable extent in a longitudinal direction for feedingthe liquid as the latter is atomized and

